Day 1 :
- Separation Techniques
Session Introduction
Adrian Szczyrba
Medical University of Lublin, Poland
Title: Separation of selected plant origin substances with reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography at controlled mobile phase velocity and stepwise pH gradient
Biography:
Adrian Szczyrba, student of the sixth year of pharmacy, member, and leader of Student Research Group. He is interested in separation techniques, advances in chromatography, and application of chromatography techniques in pharmaceutical sciences.
Abstract:
Nowadays, phytotherapy represents one of the most common solutions in the treatment of minor symptoms and major diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's Disease) [1]. In the days of dynamic research for the new plant origin biologically active substances, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC, allows rapid and parallel separation of numerous samples. Planar chromatography is readily used for screening analysis of plant extracts, herbal medicinal products, and new substances obtained by biotransformation. Some of those new substances possess acid-base properties (e.g alkaloids). In aqueous solutions, they can dissociate and present diversified interactions of ionized and non-ionized forms of the compound with the mobile phase and stationary phase. A very important tool affecting selectivity and shape of the peaks/spots of such substances is pH. Buffered eluents were commonly used in the separation of substances with ionogenic groups using high-performance column chromatography, HPLC, and planar chromatography, TLC, [2][3]but there are no examples of an eluent pH gradient in reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography, RP-HPTLC.
Our research group proposes the implementation of the prototype device based on application of moving pipette driven by a 3D printer mechanism to chromatogram development. The device enables developing the pH gradient thin-layer chromatograms in a reversed-phase system with a controlled solvent velocity without excessive flux of the eluent on the surface of the adsorbent layer [4]. In the study, stepwise pH gradient elution has been used for the separation of selected substances showing weak base properties. The use of the pH gradient of the mobile phase has improved the selectivity of separation and shape of the spots/zone of the selected substances.
HPTLC RP-18W chromatographic glass plates (Merck) were used as a stationary phase. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and an aqueous buffer of appropriate pH in the range from 2.5 to 10.5. Obtained pH gradient chromatograms will be shown. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution will be discussed.
Noama Shareef
International Center for Developing and Migration, Germany
Title: Application Biofilm Technology in Wastewater Treatment: Low Energy consumption
Biography:
Dr.-Eng. Noama Shareef holds a Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineering –Environmental Engineering from Germany. She is senior expert for water, environment and sustainable development with extensive experience in environmental and water policy advice and management in the middle east and north Africa, with more than 15 years of professional experience in German Water Sector in Frankfurt & Cologne in Germany as Project Manager- Engineering in field of water technologies.
Abstract:
The increase of the demands on efficiency and cost of waste water treatment and reuse, leads to new interest in the biofilm technology. However, since long time, Biofilms technologies are used in wastewater treatment plants, to degrade organic particles and to improve the nitrification & de-nitrification processes in the waste water treatment units. Increasing demand for water and limited resources are major barriers to economic and social development in many counties in the Middle East and North Africa. Therefore treated wastewater can be important alternative water resources for irrigation. This increases the demand of economic wastewater treatment and reuse in the region.
Compact wastewater treatment unit has been designed and developed primarily for countries which are seeking solutions of problems related to wastewater and sewage handling and treatment in tourist areas. This is due to the small size and easy to handle of such wastewater treatment plants.
The compact, containerised wastewater treatment pilot unit has a nominal capacity of 200 PE, and is designed for small villages and similar dry communities. The intention is to have the unit installed and operated under the supervision of educated experts in a foreign country. The idea is to monitor and test the functionality of all plant components under real-life local conditions and verify the effectiveness of the wastewater treatment process. Based on the results and experience gained in the testing phase, the technology will be applied for full scale applications.
Therefore the aim of this paper is to demonstrate and evaluate the wastewater treatment efficiency of the small wastewater treatment plant which is based on a combination of an aerated submerged fixed bed biofilm in nitrification stage and an anoxic moving bed for de-nitrification stage GEA-Solution. This leads to demonstrate a new concept on a pilot scale with a capacity of 200 PE and typical municipal waste water type in the MENA region
P. Amesh
Homi Bhaba National Institute, India
Title: Magnetic solid-phase separation of uranium from aqueous solution using high capacity diethylenetriamine tethered magnetic adsorbents
Biography:
P Amesh has completed his M.Sc degree at the age of 24 years from Andhra University and currently pursuing his PhD (4th year) in the area of “soliphase and magnetic solidphase extraction of heavy nuclides” from Homi Bhaba National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India.
Abstract:
The magnetic solid-phase extraction is a relatively new method among the other solid-phase extraction techniques for the separation of metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the bare magnetic particles (Fe3O4) exhibit poor selectivity for sequestering the metal ions due to the absence of target-specific functional groups (ligands). The selectivity of these magnetic particles can be remarkably improved by covalently tethering the ligands. The Fe3O4 particles were prepared by the co-precipitation of ferrous and ferric salts in aqueous ammonia solution. Since the direct covalent linking of ligands on Fe3O4 is difficult, and also it is susceptible to redox reaction in acid or alkali medium, it is necessary to protect Fe3O4 by silica coating. Then it can be reacted with ligands to obtain the functionalized magnetic particles. Such magnetic particles offer advantage like quick phase separation aided by external magnet. In addition, the Fe3O4 particles covalently inscribed in mesoporous silica matrix (MCM-41) and functionalized with ligands offer further advantages in terms of extraction kinetics, high stability, reusability, and higher metal extraction capacity. These advantages are due to the large surface area, porosity and enhanced number of functional groups per unit area. In view of this, the present study deals with the synthesis and chareterization of diethylenetriamine (DETA) ligand anchored on silica-coated magnetite (Fe-DETA) and magnetic mesoporous silica (Fe- MCM-DETA). The results obtained from studies like extraction of uranium, mechanism of extraction, speciation, and reusability suggests Fe-DETA and Fe- MCM-DETA are the potential candidates for the extraction of uranium from mine-water and, ground-water.
Iganga Christian U
Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo
Title: Modelling Selection of Distillation Control Structure for Energy Efficient Operations for Methanol-water and Benzene-Toluene Binary Systems
Biography:
Abstract:
Distillation process unit poses great challenge to control engineers because of complexities in its design for variety of configurations with different operating objectives, and significant interactions among the control loop and specified constraints. This work presents a neutral network based strategy for the modeling and optimization of distillation columns for methanol-water and benzene-toluene binary systems by incorporating the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics analysis indicates how well a system is performing compared to the optimum possible performance and hence gives a good indication of the actual energy use of the process. Aspen HYSYS was used for the simulation of the distillation systems. Operating conditions for the inputs to the model comprises feed flow rate, feed temperature and product specification flow rates. Neutral network model for exergy efficiency and product compositions are developed from simulated process operation data and are used to maximize energy efficiency while satisfying product quality constraints. The result obtained from the modeling of methanol-water and benzene-toluene binary systems separation columns showed improvement in the exergy efficiency of the system from 43.35% to 54.63% respectively.
Noha Fadl
The National Centre for Research, Sudan
Title: TLC and GC-MS analysis of fermented wood "Nikhra" petroleum ether fraction of Combretaceae spp. Combretum hartmannianum and Terminalia laxiflora
Biography:
Abstract:
This study aims to analysis fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous) fermented wood Nikhra of Combretaceae spp (Combretum hartmannianum and Terminalia laxiflora) analysis it by using chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. Petroleum ether Nikhra fraction analysis with TLC and spray TLC with vanillin H2SO4 (pink) (B1, B2), Rf values (0.84, 0.81), were expected to be phenolic, with vanillin HCL (red) compounds spots (B2) with Rf values (0.81) was expected to be catechin and with vanillin H3PO4, blue-violet zones compounds spots (A1, A2, A3), (B1, B2, B3, B4), with Rf values (0.88, 0.78, 0.67), (0.84, 0.81, 0.67, 0.59), respectively were expected to be lignans. Petroleum ether fermented wood"Nikhra" fraction was divided into two types of compounds classes aromatic and non-aromatic and hence compounds were classified to phenolics and terpenoids compounds by GC/MS. Fragrant aromatics or terpenoids were targeted in this part of study. GC-MS analysis gave a spectrum of fragrance aromatic compounds (phenolics) in the petroleum ether Nikhrafractions of T. laxiflora, was Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3β) and Tetracosamethylcyclododecasiloxane, main terponoids compounds were eicosamethylcyclodecasiloxane. Main fragrance aromatics compound in the petroleum ether Nikhra fraction of C. hartmannianum was 2-tert-Butyl-5-(hydroxtmethyl)-4-formylfuran, and main terponoids compound was Tetracosamethylcyclododecasiloxane.